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This spy plane played a key role in many Cold War episodes. Key point: The A-12 helped fill a missing capability as Soviet air defenses were able to threatend the U-2. Here is how the CIA used the A-12. But the Blackbird’s was actually an enlarged evolution of the Lockheed A-12, designed for service with the Central Intelligence Agency. The single-seat A-12 could fly slightly faster and higher, but it was doomed to be replaced by its heavier Air Force spinoff. By the late 1950s, aviation engineers knew that new Soviet surface-to-air missiles could effectively threaten high-altitude U-2 spy plane overflights of the Soviet Union. This was dramatically illustrated by the shoot down of Gary Power’s U-2 in 1960 over the Soviet Union, which triggering a humiliating political crisis. A second U-2 was shot down during the Cuban Missile Crisis an event which could have sparked a global nuclear war.

District of columbiaUnited statesNew yorkHan iRepublic ofNorth koreaNorth vietnamVietnam generalKelly johnsonCentral intelligence agencyCentral intelligenceAir forceGary powerSoviet unionCuban missile crisisSkunk work